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Pigmentation is generally an undesired byproduct of sun exposure. The sun damages the skin due to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation it emits. UV radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation produced by the sun, and it is divided into three main types: UVA, UVB, and UVC
UVA rays have longer wavelengths and can penetrate deeper into the skin and are primarily responsible for premature aging. They damage collagen and elastin fibers, leading to wrinkles, fine lines, and loss of skin elasticity.
UVB rays are a major cause of sunburn. They can damage the DNA in skin cells, and are a significant factor in the development of skin cancer
These rays stimulate the skin to produce excessive unwanted pigmentation
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